[Updated on 1 July 2023] Squash is a very active sport that depends on fast and high energy movement across the court and striking the ball. But, over a period of time the constant extreme movements can lead to squash injuries. What can be done then for squash injury prevention?

There are a variety of reasons why a squash player can get injured – simply an accident, old age, pre-existing injury, or inadequate preparation.

If you are just starting out in playing a sport like squash, you may benefit from a little knowledge of the most typical injuries in the game to get better prepared and lower the risk of an injury. Squash injuries to the shoulder, hamstrings, and knees are among the most common.

Let’s take a look at some of the most common injuries directly related to playing squash:

Muscle injuries

Squash players are likely to suffer the muscle related injuries as a result of the regular drastic moves to get across the court and strike the ball. A typical example in squash would be the regular twisting and turning of the body, and repeated starting and stopping.

Injury to the hamstring is one of the most common for the squash player. The hamstrings can strain, tear and cramp. The recovery time from a hamstring injury, such as a muscle tear can take several weeks to a month or more to fully recover.

Joint Injuries

Joint injuries can happen as a result of repeatedly using force to strike the squash ball. This type of injury is typically referred to as ‘tennis elbow’, and impacts your dominant arm when striking the ball with the racket. This pain is most noticeable when using that particular arm to grip hard or to extend your fingers.

Also, the fast-paced action on the court will likely have some impact on the knees. This is a result of the force involved in starting and stopping abruptly, as well as the short bursts of sprinting.

Impact Injuries

The risk of impact injuries is quite high when playing in an enclosed space like the squash court. Most injuries of this nature relate to colliding with another player or hitting the wall while playing.

A typical area of the body to injure in this way is the shoulders. Also, there is the risk of impact injuries from the ball bouncing back off the wall and hitting the body. Plus, there is always the risk of an opponent’s racket accidentally striking you.

The injuries mentioned are the most likely to incur while playing, although there is also the risk of minor aches and pains throughout the body. Back pain can result from the constant need to repeatedly bend low to reach and strike the ball.

For the squash player, injuries are virtually unavoidable. Yet, it is still best to take the right precautions and prepare for the game in the right way to minimize the risks.

Ankle Sprains

One of the most frequently occurring injuries in squash is ankle sprains. They occur when the ligaments surrounding the ankle joint are stretched or torn. Rapid direction changes, sudden stops, or landing improperly after a jump can lead to ankle sprains.

Knee Injuries

Knee injuries can range from minor strains to ligament tears. The abrupt twisting and turning movements in squash can stress the knee joint. You could hurt your knee if you suddenly slow down or land awkwardly. This could cause sprains, strains, or even damage to the ACL or meniscus.

Wrist Sprains

Wrist sprains are common in squash due to the repetitive and forceful movements involved in hitting the ball. Excessive wrist extension or flexion can strain the ligaments and result in sprains. Poor technique or using a racquet with improper grip size may increase the risk.

Shoulder Injuries

Squash requires repetitive overhead motions and forceful swings, making the shoulder susceptible to injuries. Overuse, poor technique, or sudden excessive loads can cause shoulder strains, rotator cuff tears, or shoulder impingement syndrome.

Back Strains

The dynamic nature of squash, including frequent lunging, twisting, and reaching, can strain the muscles and ligaments of the back. Poor posture, inadequate warm-up, or weak core muscles can contribute to back strains or herniated discs.

Eye Injuries

Squash balls are made of a rubber compound and are extremely fast-moving. The risk of being struck in the eye by a ball is a concern in squash. Eye injuries range from minor bruising to more serious damage, such as corneal abrasions or retinal detachments.

Hand and Finger Injuries

The hand and fingers are prone to injuries in squash, particularly when striking the ball or colliding with the wall. Jammed fingers, fractures, or ligament injuries can occur due to direct impact or hyperextension.

 

3 things you can do to help with squash injury prevention

Warm up

Warming up for any sports is a no-brainer. Yet I readily admit I jump on the court sometimes and just go at it!

When it comes to squash, it is especially important because of the twists, turns, stretches, and lunges the game demands of you. The sprains and hyperextensions aside, going from a cold start to a super high heart rate in a very short duration of time could have other implications to your health.

A five-minute warm-up run on the treadmill with a few stretches before your game would go a long way in avoiding a cold start and potential injuries. But then, fitness is a relative term.

See PSA pro Nick Matthew give some tips below:

Too Much Squash

There can be too much of a good thing! If you do not listen to your body and play seven days a week, and occasionally, more than once a day, you are asking for trouble.

Even at the professional level, players take at least a day off to rest and let the body relax. The overuse of key joints – elbows and knees – and muscles will eventually catch up to you.

Of all the causes for chronic squash injuries, playing too much ranks near the top. Balancing your court times with your fitness and conditioning times would certainly help minimize your chances of getting injured.

Playing any more than 4 days a week for a non-professional player requires a lot of attention to your body in order to keep yourself fresh and pain-free.

Do Not Play While Injured

Getting on the court before full recovery from a previous injury is a close second to playing too much. When it comes to sports injuries a lot of players appear to believe that they know their bodies better than their doctors. If you don’t heed the warning signs, it may come back to haunt you.

If your ankle is sore or your rotator cuff is acting up again, a couple of days off the court to do some light weights or stretches may be in order. Masking your pain by popping a couple of anti-inflammatory pills may eventually cause more harm than good. Keep in mind that if you ignore such warnings, you may end up on the bike or treadmill for good.

Understanding the Importance of Injury Prevention in Squash

Squash is a high-intensity racquet sport that requires quick movements, agility, and a high level of physical fitness. Due to the fast-paced nature of the game and the repetitive nature of certain activities, squash players are susceptible to various types of injuries. Therefore, players must prioritize injury prevention to maintain their performance, longevity, and overall well-being. Here are some key points to understand the importance of injury prevention in squash:

• Reduced Risk of Injuries- Engaging in proper injury prevention strategies significantly reduces the risk of injuries. Common squash injuries include ankle sprains, knee injuries, shoulder strains, wrist strains, and back pain. By implementing preventive measures, players can minimize the likelihood of these injuries, allowing them to continue playing and improving their skills.
• Enhanced Performance- By focusing on injury prevention, players can maintain their physical condition and improve their overall performance on the court. When injuries do not hinder players, they can move more efficiently, react quicker, and execute shots with better accuracy. Injury prevention allows athletes to reach their full potential and excel in their game.
• Prolonged Playing Career- Injury prevention is crucial for a squash player’s longevity. By taking proactive measures to prevent injuries, players can ensure they have a sustained and successful career in the sport. Regularly participating in injury prevention exercises and adopting proper training techniques can help players avoid overuse injuries and reduce the risk of long-term damage to their joints and muscles.
• Physical Conditioning- Injury prevention in squash involves maintaining proper physical conditioning. This includes focusing on strength, flexibility, endurance, and agility. Regularly engaging in exercises and training programs targeting these aspects, players can develop a well-rounded fitness level, which not only helps prevent injuries but also enhances their overall performance.
• Injury Management- Injury prevention also involves understanding how to manage injuries when they do occur. Squash players should know basic first aid and when to seek professional medical assistance. Properly working injuries in their early stages can prevent them from becoming chronic or more severe, allowing players to recover and return to the game more quickly.
• Proper Technique- Using the correct technique is crucial in squash to prevent injuries. Adequate stroke mechanics and footwork help distribute the forces evenly throughout the body, reducing the risk of strain on specific areas. Squash players should seek coaching or instruction to learn and refine their technique to minimize the chances of developing chronic injuries.
• Rest and Recovery- Resting and recovering are crucial for preventing injuries. Squash players should incorporate rest days into their training schedule to allow their bodies to recover from intense workouts and matches. Adequate sleep, nutrition, and hydration are vital in maintaining optimal physical condition and preventing injuries.

In conclusion, injury prevention in squash is paramount for players of all levels. By adopting proper training techniques, focusing on physical conditioning, using correct procedures, managing injuries effectively, and prioritizing rest and recovery, players can significantly reduce the risk of injuries, enhance their performance, and enjoy a long and successful career in the sport.

 

Warm-up and Cool-down Strategies for Squash

• Jogging or Skipping Rope- Begin your warm-up routine with a light jog or skipping rope for 5-10 minutes. This helps increase your heart rate and body temperature, preparing your muscles for more intense activity.
• Dynamic Stretches– Perform dynamic stretches that target the major muscle groups used in squash, such as lunges, high knees, leg swings, and arm circles. These stretches involve controlled movements that help improve flexibility and range of motion.
• Squash-Specific Movement- Incorporate squash-specific movements into your warm-up, such as ghosting (imitating shots and footwork without a ball), side-to-side shuffles, and quick lateral movements. This helps activate the specific muscles used during a squash game.
• Mini Drills- Include short mini drills during your warm-up to simulate game situations. For example, practice hitting the ball against the wall with different strokes or engage in short rallies to get your body accustomed to the movements and demands of the game.
• Gradual Intensity Increase- Progressively increase the intensity of your warm-up by gradually increasing the speed and power of your movements. This helps prepare your cardiovascular system and muscles for the demands of a squash match.

Cool-down Strategies:

• Gentle Cardiovascular Exercise- After finishing a squash session, engage in light cardiovascular exercise like brisk walking or slow jogging for 5-10 minutes. This helps reduce your heart rate gradually and assists in getting rid of metabolic waste products from your muscles.
• Static Stretches- Perform static stretches targeting the major squash muscle groups. Hold each stretch for 15-30 seconds without bouncing, focusing on your calves, quads, hamstrings, glutes, and shoulders. This helps to increase flexibility and lower the chances of experiencing muscle tightness or soreness after exercising.
• Foam Rolling or Self-Massage- Use a foam roller or perform self-massage techniques on tight or sore muscles. This can help release tension and improve muscle recovery.
• Hydration and Replenishment- Drink plenty of water to rehydrate your body after exercise. Additionally, consume a balanced post-workout meal or snack containing carbohydrates and protein to replenish glycogen stores and aid muscle recovery.
• Reflect and Review- Take a moment to reflect on your squash session and review your performance. Consider what went well and areas you can improve in your next training or match. This mental cool-down can help enhance your learning and development as a squash player.

Remember, warming up and cooling down are essential to any physical activity, including squash. They help reduce the risk of injury, improve performance, and aid recovery. Tailor your warm-up and cool-down routines based on your needs, and consult a coach or trainer for personalized guidance.

Risk factors for Squash Injuries

Risk factors for squash injuries can vary depending on the individual, playing style, and game conditions. However, here are some common risk factors associated with squash injuries:

• Lack of Proper Warm-up- Failing to warm up adequately before playing squash increases the risk of injury. When your muscles and joints are cold, you have a higher risk of experiencing strains, sprains, and other types of injuries. Engaging in dynamic stretching and light exercises is essential to warm the body.
• Poor Technique- Incorrect technique while playing squash can put unnecessary stress on joints, muscles, and tendons, leading to injuries. Proper coaching and training are crucial to learning the correct techniques for striking the ball, moving on the court, and maintaining balance.
• Overexertion and Fatigue- Playing squash for extended periods without proper rest or recovery can lead to fatigue. Fatigued players are likelier to make mistakes, have reduced coordination, and experience muscle strains or joint sprains.
• Inadequate Conditioning- Insufficient physical conditioning and strength can increase the risk of injuries. Squash is a demanding sport that requires agility, speed, and endurance. Proper conditioning exercises and training may prepare the body to handle the physical demands, leading to injuries.
• Incorrect Equipment or Fit- Using improper equipment, such as a too-heavy or light racket or wearing shoes that need adequate support, can contribute to injuries. It is important to use well-fitted, appropriate equipment to minimize the risk of injury.
• Poor Court Conditions- Uneven or slippery court surfaces can significantly increase the chances of slipping, falling, and twisting an ankle or knee. Ensuring that the court is well-maintained and free from hazards is crucial.
• Previous Injuries- Individuals who have previously experienced squash-related injuries may be more susceptible to re-injury. Failure to fully recover and rehabilitate from an earlier injury can weaken the affected area, making it prone to further damage.
• Lack of Protective Gear- Not using protective gear like goggles or wrist guards can increase the risk of eye injuries or wrist sprains. Wearing appropriate protective equipment can help prevent or minimize the severity of injuries.
• Intense Competitive Play- Engaging in highly competitive matches without adequate skill level or physical readiness can lead to injuries. Pushing oneself beyond their capabilities without proper training and experience can result in strains, sprains, or more severe injuries.
• Lack of Rest and Recovery- Insufficient rest between matches or training sessions can lead to overuse injuries. The body needs time to recover and repair itself after intense physical activity. Ignoring rest and recovery can increase the risk of chronic wounds and hinder overall performance.

It’s important to note that these risk factors are general and may not cover all possible scenarios. Each individual should assess their physical condition, seek professional guidance, and take appropriate measures to minimize the risk of injuries while playing squash.

Health suggestions for playing squash

Squash is an intense and demanding sport that requires agility, speed, and endurance. Pay attention to your physical health and abide by specific rules to maintain good health and perform at your best on the squash court. Here are some health suggestions for playing squash:

• Warm-up and Stretching- Before starting any intense physical activity, including squash, it’s crucial to warm up your muscles and joints. Engage in light aerobic exercises such as jogging or jumping jacks to increase your heart rate. Follow it up with dynamic stretching to loosen up your muscles and improve flexibility. Focus on areas like shoulders, arms, legs, and core.
• Hydration- Stay hydrated before, during, and after playing squash. Drink water or sports drinks to replenish fluids lost through sweat. It’s best to start hydrating well before your game and continue sipping juices regularly during breaks. Avoid excessive sugary or caffeinated beverages, as they can lead to dehydration.
• Proper Footwear- Invest in good-quality squash shoes that provide adequate support, stability, and traction. Squash involves quick lateral movements and frequent changes in direction, so appropriate footwear can help prevent ankle injuries and improve your overall performance on the court.
• Protective Eyewear- Protect your eyes by wearing appropriate safety goggles or eyewear designed for squash. Squash balls can reach high speeds and risk injury if they hit your eyes. Proper eyewear can significantly reduce the risk of eye damage and ensure your safety during the game.
• Strength and Conditioning- Engage in strength and conditioning exercises to enhance your performance and reduce the risk of injuries. Focus on exercises that target your legs, core, and upper body, as these are essential for generating power and maintaining balance during squash matches. Incorporate exercises such as lunges, planks, push-ups, and squats into your training routine.
• Proper Technique- Learn and practice the correct techniques for playing squash to minimize strain on your body. Incorrect posture and technique may cause undue pressure on your joints and muscles, increasing the likelihood of injury sustained. Consider taking lessons from a qualified squash coach who can guide you in mastering the correct technique.
• Rest and Recovery- Allow your body enough time to rest and recover between squash sessions. Overtraining can lead to fatigue, decreased performance, and an increased risk of injury. Listen to your body and take breaks when needed. Get enough sleep to ensure proper recovery and muscle repair.
• Balanced Diet- Maintain a balanced diet to support overall health and energy levels. Your meals should contain a variety of fresh fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, complete grains, and healthy fats. Proper nutrition will provide the necessary nutrients and fuel your body’s needs for optimal squash court performance.
• Injury Prevention- Take steps to prevent injuries by practicing good technique, wearing protective gear, and using proper equipment. If you experience pain or discomfort during or after playing squash, don’t ignore it. Seek medical attention and follow appropriate treatment and rehabilitation protocols to prevent further damage.
• Cross-Training- Engage in cross-training activities to improve overall fitness and prevent muscle imbalance. Activities such as running, cycling, swimming, or yoga can help enhance your cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, and strength, which are beneficial for squash.

FAQs

Q1. What are the most common squash injuries?

The most common squash injuries include sprained ankles, knee injuries (such as ligament tears or strains), shoulder injuries (such as rotator cuff tears), wrist sprains, and back strains.

Q2. Are there specific exercises that can help prevent squash injuries?

Yes, certain exercises can help prevent squash injuries. Some beneficial activities include:

• Squat jumps to strengthen leg muscles and improve explosiveness.
• Lunges to enhance lower body stability and flexibility.
• Planks strengthen core muscles and improve overall stability.
• Rotator cuff exercises to maintain shoulder strength and stability.
• Wrist stretches and strengthening exercises to support the wrists during play.
• Balance exercises, such as single-leg stands, improve stability and prevent ankle injuries.

Q3. How important is the proper technique in preventing squash injuries?

Proper technique is crucial in preventing squash injuries. Using the correct form and technique reduces the strain on your joints and muscles, decreasing the risk of injury. Learning the proper swing mechanics, footwork, and body positioning can help reduce stress on vulnerable areas and improve efficiency.

 Q5. Should I wear protective gear while playing squash?

Yes, wearing protective gear is highly recommended while playing squash. Eye protection, like goggles, can protect your eyes from stray balls or racquet contact. Non-slip court shoes provide proper traction and stability, reducing the risk of slips and falls. Additionally, supportive ankle braces or wraps can help prevent ankle sprains.

Q6. Can I play squash if I have a previous injury or medical condition?

Starting or resuming squash, it’s crucial to consult with your healthcare provider if you have a pre-existing medical condition or injury. The experts can give you personalized advice based on your circumstances and assist in determining whether adjustments or precautions are needed to ensure your safety.

 Q7. How can I avoid overuse injuries in squash?

 It’s critical to gradually increase your training volume and intensity to prevent squash overuse injuries. Allow adequate rest and recovery time between sessions. Incorporate cross-training activities to balance your muscle use and reduce repetitive strain. Pay attention to your body’s signals and adjust your training accordingly, avoiding excessive or prolonged periods of play.

 

Conclusion

Surely, preventing squash injuries should be a primary concern for every player. Maintaining proper technique and form while playing and practicing regularly is crucial to building strength and flexibility. Additionally, wearing appropriate protective gear while playing the game can significantly reduce the risk of injury. Equally essential is ensuring that the playing surface and surrounding areas are safe. Regular inspection and maintenance of courts, floors, and equipment can prevent many injuries. By taking preventative measures, players can reduce injuries and maximize their enjoyment of the sport.